中国园林·刊首语(2023-06) | 王向荣：与ChatGPT的对话

《中国园林》

Vol. 39  2023-06｜330

本期主题：风景园林信息技术

与ChatGPT的对话

A Conversation with ChatGPT

前几年，虽然媒体上时常渲染世界各国在人工智能(AI)领域的竞争和进展，但对于IT行业以外的人来说，它似乎只是一个遥远的技术传说。直到2022年11月，随着具有强大功能的自然语言处理工具ChatGPT发布，一系列令人眼花缭乱的AI应用程序也由全球各大高科技公司陆续推出。凭借这些工具，普通人通过简单的语言输入就可以即刻生成专业的文章和图片，完成以前不可能完成的工作。AI不再遥远，它已显示出成为人类历史上最具有革命性技术的可能，也引发了各行各业热烈的讨论。在风景园林领域，日新月异的AI技术同样展现出巨大的潜力与可能性。以AI为代表的新一代信息技术将如何影响风景园林？我尝试向ChatGPT提出10个问题，想看看它是如何回答的。

问：AI技术能够帮助人类进行哪些工作？

答：首先，它可以完成重复性任务，如数据处理、文件管理和日程安排，提高工作效率。其次，AI技术在数据分析方面发挥作用，通过模式识别和预测分析，帮助人们做出更准确的决策。此外，AI技术在智能助手领域也具有潜力，能够回答问题、提供指导和建议。总体而言，AI技术能够帮助人类从繁重、重复性的任务中解脱出来，提供准确、高效的支持，但在复杂判断、伦理和创造性思维方面，仍需人类参与和决策。

问：AI技术的进步会给设计行业带来哪些影响？

答：首先，AI可以自动执行繁重的任务，如图像处理和排版，使设计师能够更专注于创意和策略。其次，通过处理大量数据，AI可以揭示用户行为和趋势，提供有关目标受众喜好和需求的见解，从而指导设计方向和风格选择。此外，AI还可以进行自动化的设计验证和测试，发现潜在问题并提供改进建议。然而，设计师的创造力、直觉和人类思维仍然是不可替代的。

问：AI技术在风景园林规划设计中有哪些应用？

答：首先，通过GIS和遥感技术，AI可以分析地理和环境数据，提供准确的基础信息。其次，AI利用计算机生成的图像和虚拟现实技术，提供景观设计方案的可视化预览，帮助设计师和客户评估和改进方案。此外，AI还能进行景观模式识别和分类，自动识别植物、地貌等元素。最后，AI辅助可持续性评估和环境影响评估，通过模拟和分析，提供优化建议。

问：最近，以ChatGPT为代表的自然语言处理工具得到了社会各界的广泛关注，你认为它的普及会对风景园林规划设计产生哪些影响？

答：首先，自然语言处理工具可以加快设计过程，提高效率。其次，它有助于准确理解客户意见和反馈。分析文字输入和评论，提取关键信息，帮助设计师更好地满足客户期望。此外，该类工具还可以辅助市场研究和趋势分析，通过处理用户评论和调查数据，为设计师提供指导。

问：一部分设计师已经开始将ChatGPT与Stable Diffusion等图像生成AI相结合，应用于景观与建筑设计领域，你如何看待这一现象？

答：我认为这是一种创新的尝试，也是一种对AI技术的探索和利用。ChatGPT与Stable Diffusion的结合，可以实现从文本到图像的转换，也就是说，设计师可以通过输入文字描述，让AI生成相应的景观或建筑图像。当然，这种方式也有一些局限性和风险，比如AI生成的图像可能不符合设计师的预期或者不适合场地的实际情况，也可能存在版权或者伦理等问题。因此，设计师在使用这种方式时，需要有一定的判断力和批判性思维。

问：AI生成的结果源于对人类现有知识的归纳学习，但对于风景园林师而言，如何合理地利用AI技术，来生成具有创造性与创新性的规划设计方案呢？

答：合理利用AI技术生成具有创造性的规划设计方案的关键在于将AI作为创意的辅助工具而非替代品。首先，设计师应该对AI的生成结果进行筛选和修改，注入自己的专业知识和创造力。其次，设计师可以利用AI技术进行快速的概念探索和创意验证。此外，设计师还可以利用AI技术进行数据分析和趋势研究，从而为创意的生成和设计方向的确定提供有力支持。总之，设计师应将AI技术视为创意的助手，通过筛选、修改和与其互动，融入自己的创造力和专业知识，以生成具有创造性的规划设计方案。灵活运用AI技术，与人类的创造力相结合，可以推动风景园林设计的创新和发展。

问：风景园林的规划设计最终是要建成实施的，在使用AI进行辅助设计的同时，如何保证方案的落地性呢？

答：为保证方案的落地性，从业人员应当在使用AI辅助设计的同时，充分考虑现实条件和实际可行性。例如，在设计过程中应充分了解场地的地形、气候、土壤等因素，并与实际工程技术相结合，以确保方案的可实施性。此外，与建筑师、工程师、环境学家等专业人员的紧密合作也非常重要，以确保设计方案能够充分考虑到各方面的要求，减少后期调整和修改的成本和风险。最终，规划设计方案还需要经过多轮的评审和论证，以保证其能够满足客户需求、符合行业标准，并得到各方的认可和支持，从而更好地实现落地。

问：在AI技术的影响下，风景园林行业未来将如何发展？

答：AI技术将推动风景园林行业向数字化、智能化和创新化发展。首先，AI能够帮助设计师进行大数据分析和模拟，实现精准的数字化规划设计流程。其次，AI技术将应用于智能规划与管理系统，实现自动化的植物选择、景观维护和资源管理。此外，AI技术将成为设计师的创意助手，为设计师提供灵感和辅助工具。设计师可以与AI进行互动，从AI生成的设计中获取灵感，并加入个人创造力，创造独特的规划设计。

问：伴随着AI技术的进步与普及，风景园林行业的从业人员将面临着怎样的挑战？

答：随着AI技术的进步与普及，风景园林行业的从业人员面临着多重挑战。首先，自动化和机器化技术的应用可能导致某些传统工作需求减少，从而对从业人员的就业前景带来不确定性。其次，AI技术的普及可能改变行业的工作流程和方式，需要从业人员适应新的技术工具和平台，以及与AI系统的协同工作。另外，保护数据隐私和信息安全也是一个重要挑战，从业人员需要确保合理的数据使用和保护用户隐私的措施。

问：风景园林行业的从业人员应该如何适应AI时代的到来？

答：应该不断学习，掌握新的技术和工具，以适应AI时代的到来。具体来说，首先，熟悉并掌握AI技术所涉及的设计软件、数据分析工具和可视化平台，以提高工作效率和创新能力。其次，将AI技术作为辅助工具，与AI系统进行合作和协同工作，充分发挥人工智能在数据处理、模拟设计和预测分析等方面的优势。此外，AI在人文关怀及创造性思维方面存在一定的不足，从业人员在充分利用AI技术带来的便利的同时，应更加注重人类的情感与审美需求。综上所述，风景园林行业的从业人员应不断学习、创新，将AI技术作为工具和助力，发挥人类的智慧和创造力，以适应AI时代的挑战与机遇。

以上内容就是我与ChatGPT的问与答。从中可以看出，今天的人工智能已具有了强大的能力，无论人们提出怎样的问题，它都会在瞬间给出合理的答案，似乎一切问题都难不倒它。机器的回答看似富有逻辑和条理，且全面完整，但是却如同考试的标准答案一样，正确而索然无味。从上面的回答中，我并没有看到ChatGPT具有人类的智慧、灵感和才华。

在一切需要人类创造性思维的行业中，优秀作品的产生很大程度上依赖于人的直觉、灵感和创新思维，技术只是实现设想的支撑。就像ChatGPT所说，把重复的、烦琐的、常规的工作交给AI系统，人类就能有更多的精力和时间做更智慧的事情和创造性的工作。这也从一个侧面说明，如果风景园林师没有了对自然的敏感，不能用心灵与土地沟通，缺少丰富的联想和创造性思维，仅是把工作当成一种模式，一味地循规蹈矩，跟着别人的脚印亦步亦趋或者被软件程序所控制，那么他很快就会被人工智能所取代。

In previous years, although the competition and progress in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) in countries around the world was often played up in the media, it seemed like a distant technological myth to those outside the IT industry. Until November 2022, with the release of ChatGPT, a natural language processing tool with powerful features, a dizzying array of AI applications were launched by major high-tech companies around the world. AI is no longer distant, and it has shown the potential to become the most revolutionary technology in human history, sparking lively discussions across all industries. In the field of landscape architecture, the ever-changing AI technology has also shown great potential and possibilities. How will the new generation of information technology represented by AI affect landscape architecture? I tried to ask ChatGPT 10 questions to see how it answered them.

Q: What tasks can AI technology help humans perform?

A: First, it can perform repetitive tasks, such as data processing, document management and scheduling, to improve work efficiency. Second, AI technology plays a role in data analysis, helping people make more accurate decisions through pattern recognition and predictive analysis. In addition, AI technology has potential in the area of intelligent assistants, capable of answering questions, and providing guidance and advice. Overall, AI technology can help free humans from burdensome, repetitive tasks and provide accurate, efficient support, but human involvement and decision-making is still needed for complex judgment, ethics and creative thinking.

Q: What impact will advances in AI technology have on the design industry?

A: AI can automate heavy tasks, such as image processing and typography, allowing designers to focus more on creativity and strategy. Second, by processing large amounts of data, AI can reveal user behavior and trends, providing insights about target audience preferences and needs that can guide design direction and style choices. In addition, AI can perform automated design validation and testing to identify potential problems and provide suggestions for improvement. However, there is still no substitute for the designers’ creativity, intuition and human thinking.

Q: What are the applications of AI technology in landscape planning and design?

A: First, through GIS and remote sensing technology, AI can analyze geographic and environmental data to provide accurate basic information. Secondly, AI uses computer-generated images and virtual reality technology to provide visual previews of landscape design plans, helping designers and clients evaluate and improve their plans. In addition, AI can perform landscape pattern recognition and classification, and automatically identify elements such as plants and landforms. Finally, AI assists in sustainability assessment and environmental impact assessment, providing optimization recommendations through simulation and analysis.

Q: Recently, natural language processing tools, represented by ChatGPT, have received a lot of attention from all sectors of society. What impact do you think its popularity will have on landscape planning and design?

A: Natural language processing tools can speed up the design process and improve efficiency. Second, it helps to accurately understand client comments and feedback. Text input and comments are analyzed to extract key information that helps designers better meet client expectations. In addition, such tools can assist in market research and trend analysis, providing designers with guidance by processing user comments and survey data.

Q: Some designers have started to combine ChatGPT with image generation AI such as Stable Diffusion for landscape and architectural design, how do you see this phenomenon?

A: I think this is an innovative attempt to explore and utilize AI technology. The combination of ChatGPT and Stable Diffusion can realize the conversion from text to image, that is, designers can input text descriptions and let AI generate corresponding landscape or architectural images. Of course, this approach has some limitations and risks, such as the AI-generated images may not meet the designer’s expectation or be suitable for the actual situation of the site, and there may be copyright or ethical issues as well. Therefore, designers need to have a certain level of judgment and critical thinking when using this approach.

Q: The results generated by AI originate from inductive learning of existing human knowledge, but how can AI technology be used wisely for landscape architects to generate creative and innovative planning and design solutions?

A: The key to using AI technology wisely to generate creative planning and design solutions is to use AI as an aid to creativity rather than a substitute. First, designers should filter and modify the AI-generated results, injecting their own expertise and creativity. Second, designers can use AI technology for rapid concept exploration and idea validation. In addition, designers can also use AI technology for data analysis and trend research, which can provide strong support for idea generation and design direction determination. In short, designers should consider AI technology as an assistant for creativity, and incorporate their creativity and expertise through screening, modifying and interacting with it to generate creative planning and design solutions. The flexible use of AI technology, combined with human creativity, can drive innovation and development in landscape architecture design.

Q: The planning and design of landscape architecture is ultimately to be built and implemented. While using AI to assist in design, how can we ensure the implementation of the scheme?

A: To ensure the implementation of the scheme, practitioners should fully consider the realistic conditions and practical feasibility while using AI-assisted design. For example, the topography, climate, soil and other factors of the site should be fully understood during the design process and integrated with actual engineering techniques to ensure the implementability of the solution. In addition, close cooperation with architects, engineers, environmentalists and other professionals is also very important to ensure that the design plan can fully take into account the requirements of all aspects and reduce the cost and risk of later adjustments and modifications. Ultimately, the planning and design plan also needs to go through multiple rounds of review and validation to ensure that it meets the client’s needs, conforms to industry standards, and is recognized and supported by all parties for better implementation.

Q: Under the influence of AI technology, how will the landscape architecture industry develop in the future?

A: AI technology will drive the landscape architecture industry to digitalization, intelligence and innovation. Firstly, AI can help designers to conduct big data analysis and simulation to realize accurate digital planning and design process. Second, AI technology will be applied to intelligent planning and management systems to automate plant selection, landscape maintenance and resource management. In addition, AI technology will become a creative assistant for designers, providing them with inspiration and aiding tools. Designers can interact with AI, take inspiration from AI-generated designs, and add their personal creativity to create unique planning designs.

Q: Along with the advancement and popularity of AI technology, what challenges do landscape architecture industry practitioners face?

A: With the advancement and popularity of AI technology, landscape architecture industry practitioners are facing multiple challenges. First, the application of automation and machine-based technologies may lead to a reduction in demand for certain traditional jobs, thus creating uncertainty about the employment prospects of practitioners. Second, the spread of AI technologies may change the industry’s workflow and approach, requiring practitioners to adapt to new technology tools and platforms, as well as to work in concert with AI systems. In addition, protecting data privacy and information security is a major challenge, and practitioners need to ensure reasonable data use and measures to protect user privacy.

Q: How should practitioners in the landscape architecture industry adapt to the advent of the AI era?

A: They should continue to learn and master new technologies and tools to adapt to the advent of the AI era. Specifically: First, familiarize and master the design software, data analysis tools and visualization platforms involved in AI technology to improve efficiency and innovation. Second, use AI technology as an auxiliary tool to cooperate and work collaboratively with AI systems to fully utilize the advantages of AI in data processing, simulation design and predictive analysis. In addition, AI has certain shortcomings in humanistic care as well as creative thinking, and practitioners should pay more attention to human emotions and aesthetic needs while making full use of the convenience brought by AI technology. In summary, practitioners in the landscape architecture industry should continue to learn, innovate, and use AI technology as a tool and help to bring human wisdom and creativity into play in order to adapt to the challenges and opportunities of the AI era.

The above is my question and answer with ChatGPT. From it, we can see that today’s AI has a powerful ability to give reasonable answers in an instant to whatever questions people may ask, and it seems that no question is too difficult for it. However, the machine’s answers are logical and organized, seemingly comprehensive and complete, but as correct and tasteless as the standard answers to an exam. I don’t see the human intelligence and inspiration in ChatGPT from the above answers.

In all industries that require human creative thinking, the generation of great work relies heavily on human intuition, inspiration and innovative thinking, while technology is only the support to realize the vision. As ChatGPT says, by leaving the repetitive, tedious and routine work to AI systems, humans can have the energy and time to do smarter things and creative work. This also shows from a side that if a landscape architect has no more sensitivity to nature, cannot communicate with the land with his mind, does not have rich association and creative thinking, but only treats his work as a pattern, follows the rules, follows the footprints of others or is controlled by software programs, then he will soon be replaced by AI.

本刊主编：王向荣 教授

2023年5月27日

Prof. Dr.-Ing. WANG Xiangrong

Chief Editor

May 27, 2023

引文格式

王向荣.与ChatGPT的对话[J].中国园林，2023，39(6)：2-3.

相关阅读

//////END//////

排版 | 李旻

校对 | 马琳

审核 | 金荷仙